Sources

52 authorities. Every substantive claim on this site points at one of them. If a figure matters to a decision you are making, read it at the source — these pages change without notice and that is exactly the risk this list exists to manage.

Global and supranational(11)

Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 — third countries whose nationals require a visa, and those exempt (Annex I and Annex II) (opens in a new tab)
Supranational
European Union (EUR-Lex) · legislation · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Regulation (EU) 2016/399 — Schengen Borders Code, including the 90 days in any 180-day period rule (opens in a new tab)
Supranational
European Union (EUR-Lex) · legislation · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Directive 2004/38/EC — right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely (opens in a new tab)
Supranational
European Union (EUR-Lex) · legislation · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Directive 2003/109/EC — status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents (opens in a new tab)
Supranational
European Union (EUR-Lex) · legislation · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
EU Immigration Portal — long-stay procedures are set by each member state (opens in a new tab)
Supranational
European Commission · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
ETIAS — European Travel Information and Authorisation System (opens in a new tab)
Supranational
European Commission · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
EES — the Entry/Exit System recording short-stay border crossings (opens in a new tab)
Supranational
European Commission · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Directive (EU) 2021/1883 — conditions of entry and residence for highly qualified employment (EU Blue Card) (opens in a new tab)
Supranational
European Union (EUR-Lex) · legislation · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
ILOSTAT — labour force, employment, unemployment and earnings indicators (opens in a new tab)
Official statistics
International Labour Organization · statistical series · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
World Bank Open Data — population, GDP per capita and related indicators (opens in a new tab)
Official statistics
World Bank · statistical series · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
OECD Tax Database — personal income tax and social security contribution rates (opens in a new tab)
Official statistics
OECD · statistical series · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026

Australia(1)

Visa finder, eligibility and application charges (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Department of Home Affairs · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026

Canada(4)

IRCC — immigrate, work, study and visit Canada (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Express Entry — the application management system for several economic programmes (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada · application portal · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Electronic Travel Authorisation (eTA) for visa-exempt air travellers (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada · application portal · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
IRCC fee list (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada · fee schedule · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026

Costa Rica(3)

DGME — residence categories, rentista and pensionado requirements (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería · official guidance · ES · retrieved 20 September 2026
Ley 10008 — Ley para atraer trabajadores y prestadores remotos de servicios de carácter internacional (opens in a new tab)
Government department
Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica · legislation · ES · retrieved 20 September 2026
Trámite Ya — official service catalogue including migration procedures (opens in a new tab)
Government department
Gobierno de Costa Rica · application portal · ES · retrieved 20 September 2026

France(2)

France-Visas — the official French visa portal (opens in a new tab)
Foreign ministry
Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères · application portal · FR · retrieved 20 September 2026
Administration numérique pour les étrangers en France (ANEF) — residence permits (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Ministère de l’Intérieur · application portal · FR · retrieved 20 September 2026

Germany(4)

Visa regulations and the national visa application process (opens in a new tab)
Foreign ministry
Auswärtiges Amt (Federal Foreign Office) · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Make it in Germany — the official portal for skilled workers (opens in a new tab)
Government department
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Labour · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Federal Office for Migration and Refugees — residence titles and integration requirements (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
BAMF — Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Aufenthaltsgesetz (Residence Act) — including §21 self-employment and §18g EU Blue Card (opens in a new tab)
Government department
Bundesministerium der Justiz · legislation · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026

Ireland(1)

Irish Immigration — visas, permissions and registration (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Department of Justice — Immigration Service Delivery · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026

Italy(2)

Visto per l’Italia — visa categories and consular requirements (opens in a new tab)
Foreign ministry
Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale · application portal · IT · retrieved 20 September 2026
Portale Immigrazione — permesso di soggiorno applications (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Ministero dell’Interno · application portal · IT · retrieved 20 September 2026

Japan(3)

Immigration Services Agency — statuses of residence and application procedures (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Immigration Services Agency of Japan · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Visa information, including short-term stay exemption arrangements (opens in a new tab)
Foreign ministry
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act — statuses of residence (opens in a new tab)
Government department
Ministry of Justice · legislation · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026

Mexico(3)

INM — temporary and permanent resident cards and in-country procedures (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Instituto Nacional de Migración (INM) · official guidance · ES · retrieved 20 September 2026
Consular visa requirements and the residence visa interview (opens in a new tab)
Foreign ministry
Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores · official guidance · ES · retrieved 20 September 2026
Ley de Migración and its Reglamento — resident categories and economic solvency (opens in a new tab)
Government department
Cámara de Diputados · legislation · ES · retrieved 20 September 2026

New Zealand(1)

Immigration New Zealand — visa options and requirements (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Immigration New Zealand · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026

Portugal(4)

AIMA — residence permits and in-country immigration procedures (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
AIMA — Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo · official guidance · PT · retrieved 20 September 2026
Portal dos Vistos — national visa categories and consular applications (opens in a new tab)
Foreign ministry
Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros · application portal · PT · retrieved 20 September 2026
Lei n.º 23/2007 — entry, stay, exit and removal of foreign nationals (as amended) (opens in a new tab)
Government department
Diário da República · legislation · PT · retrieved 20 September 2026
Retribuição mínima mensal garantida — the national minimum wage that several income thresholds are a multiple of (opens in a new tab)
Government department
Diário da República · legislation · PT · retrieved 20 September 2026

Spain(4)

Consular visa information and national long-stay visa categories (opens in a new tab)
Foreign ministry
Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación · official guidance · ES · retrieved 20 September 2026
Ley 28/2022 de fomento del ecosistema de las empresas emergentes — creates the international teleworker residence (opens in a new tab)
Government department
Boletín Oficial del Estado · legislation · ES · retrieved 20 September 2026
UGE-CE — the unit that processes international teleworker, highly qualified and entrepreneur applications (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Unidad de Grandes Empresas y Colectivos Estratégicos (UGE-CE) · application portal · ES · retrieved 20 September 2026
Portal de Inmigración — residence authorisations and procedures (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones · official guidance · ES · retrieved 20 September 2026

Thailand(3)

Immigration Bureau — extensions of stay, 90-day reporting and re-entry permits (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Immigration Bureau, Royal Thai Police · official guidance · TH · retrieved 20 September 2026
Thai e-Visa — the official application portal for all Thai visa categories (opens in a new tab)
Foreign ministry
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand · application portal · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Visa categories and visa-exemption arrangements (opens in a new tab)
Foreign ministry
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026

United Kingdom(3)

Visas and immigration — routes, eligibility and fees (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
UK Government · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Immigration Rules (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
Home Office · legislation · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
UK Government · application portal · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026

United States(3)

U.S. Visas — categories, interviews and reciprocity (opens in a new tab)
Foreign ministry
U.S. Department of State — Bureau of Consular Affairs · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
USCIS — status categories, forms and processing times (opens in a new tab)
Immigration authority
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services · official guidance · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026
ESTA — Electronic System for Travel Authorization under the Visa Waiver Program (opens in a new tab)
Government department
U.S. Customs and Border Protection · application portal · EN · retrieved 20 September 2026

Global and supranational(11)

🇦🇺Australia(1)

🇨🇦Canada(4)

🇨🇷Costa Rica(3)

🇫🇷France(2)

🇩🇪Germany(4)

🇮🇪Ireland(1)

🇮🇹Italy(2)

🇯🇵Japan(3)

🇲🇽Mexico(3)

🇳🇿New Zealand(1)

🇵🇹Portugal(4)

🇪🇸Spain(4)

🇹🇭Thailand(3)

🇬🇧United Kingdom(3)

🇺🇸United States(3)